A pump is usually designed for one particular speed, flow rate and head, but in actual practice, it may be operated at some other conditions of head or flow rate.
The behaviour of the pump may be quite different for the changed conditions. In order to predict the behaviour and performance of a pump under varying conditions, tests are performed, and the results of such tests are plotted.
The curves thus obtained, which are used to express the performance / operating characteristics of any particular pump, are known as the characteristic curves of the pump.
Characteristic curves showing head, power input and efficiency as a function of discharge rate (capacity) for a particular centrifugal pump at a particular speed are shown in fig Thus,
The characteristic curves of a centrifugal pump are the graphical relationships between head and discharge rate, efficiency and discharge rate and power input and discharge rate at a given speed.
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